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波音737MAX8出事被禁飞,到底哪种机型最安全? | 马来西亚头条
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波音737MAX8出事被禁飞,到底哪种机型最安全?

2019年3月10日,埃塞俄比亚航空由波音737MAX8执飞、由亚的斯亚贝巴飞往内罗毕的ET302航班,在起飞后6分钟坠毁,机上157人全部遇难,遇难者中有8名中国同胞。这架注册号为ET-AVJ的波音737MAX8飞机于2018年10月30日首飞,同年11月15日交付,机龄仅4个月。?️

这并不是波音737MAX的首次空难,仅4个多月前,2018年10月29日,印尼狮航从雅加达飞往槟港的JT610航班,起飞后13分钟在印尼以北海域坠毁,机上189人全部遇难。事故中注册号为PK-LQP的波音737MAX8飞机于2018年8月交付给狮航,机龄仅2个月。?

3月11日9时,民航局发出通知,要求国内运输航空公司于2019年3月11日18时前暂停波音737-8飞机的商业运行。

 

波音737MAX是波音在波音737NG系列基础上研制的第四代波音737家族产品,最主要的变化是使用了风扇直径更大、燃油经济性更好的CFMI LEAP-1B引擎。机体也进行一些改造。波音于2017年5月交付首架737 MAX,截止2018年10月已有超过4,700多架737MAX系列的订单。

按照民航资源网数据,截至目前,国内航空公司共运营有96架737MAX机型,分别为南航24架、国航15架、海航11架、上航11架、厦航10架、山航7架、深航5架、东航及祥鹏各3架、奥凯及福州及昆明各2架,九元1架。

目前,国内航司已经停止运行大部分波音737MAX,不少航线改用737—800执行。

✈️

当我们选择飞行出行时,飞行安全就变得十分值得关注。

从事故发生率来看,飞机是最安全的交通工具。然而一旦发生严重事故,生存率也是极低的。

根据Aviation Safety Network的数据,2019年至今已发生23起空难事件,其中致死9件。在这23起事件中,波音飞机占据7起,与其同样知名的空客飞机3起。9起致死事故中,有4起事故飞机都产自波音。2018年波音飞机事故数量也非常高。全年202件飞机事故中,波音飞机有31起,位列第二。空客飞机17起。

飞机机型有这么多,我们无法熟知哪种机型最安全,但多了解和辨认每款机型,乘机前或许可以“趋吉避凶”。

我们来盘点一下占据市场绝大部分份额的波音和空客的主要机型~

✈️波音主力机型重大事故统计↓

✈️主要机型↓

型号

373-200(B732)

首次商业飞行时间

737-100(1968.02)

737-200(1967.04.09)

仍在服役的航空公司

737-100 全部退役

737-200 主要集中在拉丁美洲地区

特征

发动机非常细长,直径很小,从机翼前方延伸到机翼后方;737-200 为铝合金硬壳结构,发动机安装于机翼延展点三分之一。

型号

737-300(B733)

737-400(B734)

737-500(B735)

首次商业飞行时间

737-300(1984.12.07)

737-500(1990.02.28)

仍在服役的航空公司

波罗的海航空、捷特二航空、法国 ASL 航空

特征:  

采用更大风扇直径的发动机,较初代737长度有所增长。

型号

737-600(B736)

737-700(B737)

737-800(B738)

737-900(B739)

首次商业飞行时间

737-600(1998.01.22)

737-700(1997.02.09)

737-800(1997.06.30)

仍在服役的航空公司

中国国际航空、中国东方航空、中国南方航空、厦门航空等

特征

保留了上一代的原始直径,机翼和机身加长,部分型号做了翼梢小翼,是国内目前波音机型的主力。从目前来看中国现有的波音737-700、800、900机型可靠性和运行效率都非常高。

型号

737MAX7(B37M)

737MAX8(B38M)

737MAX9(B39M)

首次商业飞行时间

737MAX8(2017.05.22)

仍在服役的航空公司

中国国际航空、中国东方航空、中国南方航空。(国内航空公司已暂停飞行737MAX8)

特征:  

选配了直径更大的发动机,发动机尾部的排气口呈现锯齿状,机翼末端呈现叉子的形状。

型号

747-100(已停飞)

747-200(B742)

747-300(B743)

747-400(B744)

首次商业飞行时间:1970.01

仍在服役的航空公司

中国国际航空、英国航空、汉莎航空、荷兰皇家航空

特征

经典的鹅头造型,拥有4台发动机,双层客机非常有辨识度。747-100、200机型的二层客舱更短,747-300、400的二层客舱更长,747-400的机翼末端有小翼。

型号

777-200(B772)

777-300(B773)

首次商业飞行时间:1995.06.07

仍在服役的航空公司:中国国际航空、英国航空、汉莎航空、荷兰皇家航空

特征

飞机的后部的轮胎是三排轮,而不是传统的二排轮。

型号

787-8(B788)

787-9(B789)

787-10(B78X)

首次商业飞行时间:2011.10.26

仍在服役的航空公司

中国南方航空、海南航空、厦门航空、全日空等

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特征

驾驶舱只有4片窗户,机头略微向下,发动机尾部呈锯齿形状。几乎大部分航空公司都会在飞机上标注“dreamliner 787”的字样。

✈️空客的主力机型重大事故统计↓

✈️主要机型↓

型号

A220-100(BCS1)

A220-300(BCS3)

首次商业飞行时间

A220-100(2016.07.15)

A220-300(2016.12.14)

仍在服役的航空公司

瑞士国际航空、波罗的海航空

特征

空中客车生产线中最小的喷气式客机,A220-100上拥有超大窗户。

型号

A318(A318)

A319(A319)

首次商业飞行时间

A318(2003.07)

A319(1996.05)

仍在服役的航空公司

美西航空、法国航空、哥伦比亚航空

特征

相较于 A320机型,A318、319更短小,机翼上只有一个逃生门。A318是A320家族中最短小的机型,一侧只有3个舱门,A319的一侧则有3或4个舱门,许多高原航线都会选用这个机型。

型号

A320(A320)

A321(A321)

首次商业飞行时间

A320(1988.03)

A321(1994.03.18)

仍在服役的航空公司

中国国际航空、中国南方航空、中国东方航空

特征

A320一侧拥有2个舱门,机翼上有2个逃生门,且中间的两个逃生门连在一起。A321机型更长,载客量也更大,机翼一侧拥有2个舱门,2个逃生门,前后均匀分布,机翼上无舱门。

型号

A320NEO(A20N)

A321NEO(A21N)

首次商业飞行时间

2014.09.25

仍在服役的航空公司

中国南方航空、中国东方航空、亚洲航空

特征

A320NEO 几乎和 A320家族的外观保持一致,唯一的区别是,采用了更大直径的发动机,并且机翼尾端拥有鲨鳍小翼。

型号

A330-200(A332) 

A330-300(A333) 

首次商业飞行时间:1994.01

仍在服役的航空公司

土耳其航空、中国国际航空、中国东方航空

目前还有A330-900于去年交付葡萄牙航空

特征

双发动机机型;飞机机翼尾的小翼是可爱的梯形。

型号

A350-900(A359)

A350-1000(A35K)

首次商业飞行时间

2014.12.22

仍在服役的航空公司

国泰航空、卡塔尔航空、新加坡航空、中国国际航空

特征

飞机机翼尾部有如同弯刀一样的鲨鱼小翼,驾驶舱具有代表性的6片“墨镜”前挡玻璃。

型号

A380-800(A388)

首次商业飞行时间

2007.10.25新加坡航空

仍在服役的航空公司

南方航空、阿联酋航空、新加坡航空、汉莎航空

特征

上下两层客舱几乎等大,整个机型给人一种瘦高的感觉。机场中最大的那个一个,拥有4台发动机。

事故统计和机型资料来源:悦游CondeNastTraveler

✈️如何查询机型?

在航空公司官网或OTA 平台购票时通常都会显示飞机机型或对应的ICAO代码,各个机型的 ICAO 代码就是上文中机型后括号内的4位数字英文代码。

也可以在飞常准、航旅纵横、Flightradar24等软件或网站中,输入航班号查询。

也可以在这个网站查询不同的航班情况  http://www.safetyflights.com/#!/

它记录了15,000起航空事故,可以从航司的维度、机型的维度去了解你的所选航班。

毕竟与自身安全相关

出发前了解更多

考虑再多也是不过分

-End-

图文来源网络采编,如有侵权联系删除。

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